josef stalin Essays - Old Bolsheviks, Anti-fascists,

Terror, a word you may think u know, but you what you don?t know is that unless you truly witness it you may never know what it truly means. Josef Stalin was a man of terror, he along with other dictators from history reminded the people about the horror of terror. He has background information just as everyone does, he was truly a man of terror because he was in charge, he was a killer just like Hitler, and he killed his own people because he was scared of losing his power, he sent his people to work camps, and he was stopped by the Bolsheviks.Joseph Vissarionvich Djvugashvili was the full name of Russia?s former dictator. He later changes his name to Josef Vissarionovich Stalin, Stalin means ?man of steel.? He was born on December 18, 1878 in Gori Georia and he lived until March 5, 1953 in Moscow where he died of a brain hemorrhage at the age of 74. His mother was Ekaterina Georgievna and his father was Vissarini Ivanovich Djugashvili. He had two wives during his life. His first w ife was Catherine Svanidzl, she died of tuberculosis in 1907. He remarried to a woman named Nadezhada Alliluyeva, she died of natural causes in 1932. He also had three children by his two wives. The first, Yakov, died in a German prison during World War II. The second, Vasily, died in a car accident in 1962. And the third, Svetlana, changed her name to Alliluyeva and moved to the United States ?(Cape 1).?Stalin came to power after the death of Dictator Vladimir Lenin in 1924. There were two main candidates up for Lenin?s spot. There was Stalin and his opponent Lev Davidovich Bronshtein, or also known as Leon Trotsky. Some background information on is that he was Fischer 2 born in Yanovka, Russia on November 7, 1879. His parents were Jewish and owned a farm in the Ukraine. After he turned eight years old his father sent him to Odessa to be educated. Six years later he was transferred to Nikolayev where he was first introduced to the ideas of Karl Marx. In 1897 he became involved in the organization of the underground South Russian Workers' Union. Eventually he was sent to Siberia because he was arrested for revolutionary activity. Then after four long years in captivity he had escaped and made it to London. There he joined the Social Democratic Party and also while he was in England he got to meet and also work with a group of Marxists that were making the journal Iskra. George Plekhanov, Pavel Axelrod, Vera Zasulich, Vladimir Lenin and Julius Martov were all a part of this group. That was just some background of him and some things he did in his past. And obviously Stalin would become the dictator ?(Spartacus 1, TIMES 1).?Stalin was definitely a man o f terror. Would he have oppressed Russia if he didn?t have the power he had? Probably not, but since he had the power and the entire Russian army on his side the people had to obey his orders. An example could be that if he wanted a palace to live in he would have his army force people into manual labor to build it for him. Without Stalin the people of Russia could have never the terror that Stalin portrayed to them. What Stalin did to the people of Russia was horrific it could be considered a good thing. Stalin showed the people what could happen to them. Without him they could?ve never been prepared for what could happen in the future. So not everything about Stalin?s oppression was a bad thing, he Fischer 3 unknowingly showed them that the people need to take power so a tragedy like this will never happen again in Russia, or even the rest of the world ?(Richardson 303).?Stalin tortured his people like Hitler did. They both had labor camps they sent people to but Stalin was worse than Hitler. Hitler only killed twelve million people, which sound like a lot and it is. Take those twelve million casualties and compare them to Stalin who was responsible for the deaths of seventeen million Russians, not just people like Hitler, but

Process Essay Essays

Process Essay Essays Process Essay Essay Process Essay Essay Process Essay Name: Institution: Process Essay Many people like going enjoy the outdoors, especially going for camps with their friends and families. While some have gained much experience from the camping trips they went to when they were younger, others have a bad experience because they are at a loss of what to do to take care of themselves. One of the most important activities that a person does when camping is making a fire. Some people have a difficult time trying to build a fire. They spend a long time trying to make the wood burn, and the whole area ends up filled with smoke. This negative experience can make some people hate camping. When making a campfire, a person should maintain high safety standards by controlling the fire and ensuring that he extinguishes it before leaving the area. Campfire is necessary for different purposes. Other than making food, it also helps people to keep warm. People tell stories around the campfire, and it helps to deter some unwanted visitors such as some animals away from the camp. There fore, it is essential to learn how to make a good campfire. Materials: Dry wood Kindling, this can include small twigs and branches Lighter/matches Tinder, which can include dry grass, paper, parts of plants such as tree barks and leaves Rocks Water Process: A person should ensure first that he or she makes the fire in an area where the earth is bare. The area should not have any dry grass or plants on it, and it should be far from any other vegetation such as trees A person begins by making a fire ring, which involves surrounding the area where he or she intends to build the fire with rocks Place the tinder at the center of the fire ring Use the lighter or match to ignite the tinder Add more tinder in the process, as it burns fast Add small pieces of the kindling to the tinder gradually, ensuring that it burns A person should continue increasing the kindling in the fire while ensuring that there is enough space for air Once the kindling has lighted nicely, add the dry wood fuel, one piece at a time, while ensuring that there is enough space between the pieces of woods to enable the passage of air Lay the pieces of wood in the fire in a way that they crisscross Points to Note: A person may need to blow at the base of the fire in case the fire goes out One should add the wood fuel only according to the size of the fire needed. Few pieces of wood will do if the person needs the fire for a short period Making the fire ring is essential because it helps to keep the fire under control Wet wood, kindling, and tinder will not light well A person should ensure that he does not build the fire near the tents A person should arrange the kindling and wood in such a way that there is enough space for air passage. This ensures that there is enough oxygen to keep the fire going A person should put out the fire once he is done with it by sprinkling water on the coals

Critically review weiland and wisley's statement in the light of state Essay

Critically review weiland and wisley's statement in the light of state policies and intervention using a specified international event. (cricket world cup or th - Essay Example far less attention in countries with a far lesser fan following, would that not be enough reason to consider an unprejudiced analysis of the circumstances of sporting defeats? With the changing scenario in the cricket world, the major test playing nations are implementing strict policy measures and considering unorthodox methods to enhance the waning credibility of the sport. Clearly most of these tactics are designed to satisfy the incensed sports supporters – a strong opposition to contend with. Some of the most conservative national cricket boards and cricketing councils are compelled to take surprising stands, clearly out of desperation. It is quite evident that these strategies are a direct outcome of the open mass condemnation targeted at poor player performance. The International Cricket Council (ICC) is the international governing body of cricket. Founded as the Imperial Cricket Conference in 1909 by representatives from England, Australia and South Africa, it assumed its current name in 1989. With 97 members, 10 of which are official test match playing nations, the ICC controls and organises the major international tournaments, and appoints umpires and referees who officiate at all sanctioned international one-day and test matches. The ICC establishes and implements the ICC Code of Conduct, which puts forth the professional standards of discipline for international cricket, and also coordinates action against corruption and match fixing through its Anti-Corruption and Security Unit (ACSU). While the ICC d regulates international cricket, the national governing bodies of some of the highly regarded test playing nations include the BCCI (Board of Control for Cricket in India), PCB (Pakistan Cricket Board), ECB (England and Wales Cricket Board), and United Cricket Board (South Africa’s national cricket association). Some of the lesser-known cricketing nations also have established regulatory bodies including Ireland (Irish Cricket Union) and Holland.

E-books, Libraries, and Hard Cover Books Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

E-books, Libraries, and Hard Cover Books - Essay Example The main fears of publishers will be discussed, for example, a feeling that they will lose out on revenues if librarians have unfettered rights to purchase and distribute books. This chapter will progress by by discussing the reasons and possible reasons why publishers want the buying and lending model changed being that the content if now in electronic e-Book form and not the usual paperback books. The paragraph will then be concluded by summarizing the main points.The third paragraph will discuss the reasons why there is a conflict between publishers and librarians, from the point of view of the librarians. This will be the main point for this paragraph and will expound the main in details. The details will discuss the librarians’ revenue model for selling the paperback books and the model they use for the e-Books. The point at which this creates disagreements and conflicts with publishers will also be discussed. For instance, the fact that e-Books have no wear and tear or p ossible loss, and creates convenience for library patrons in that they don’t have to go to the library physically to review or even borrow a book. The benefits that librarians confer publishers will be discussed. The sources of information to be used will e verifiable scholarly sources such as journals and books that have done preliminary research. The paragraph will be concluded by reviewing the main pointsThe concept of e-Books being software will also be discussed before the paragraph is concluded.

Cross Subsidizing Political Groups in the Name of Agriculture Essay

Cross Subsidizing Political Groups in the Name of Agriculture - Essay Example The intention of the talk was making fair international law for a balanced trade approach for developing countries.This round could not fetch any results as there was no agreement on farm subsidies and market access.But it also decided to further continue talks in next negotiations. The Ministerial Declaration launching the Doha Development Agenda reflects the "broad agenda" and the focus on development.: It mandates negotiations on agriculture, industrial products, services, intellectual property (geographical indications, TRIPs, and Health), the "Singapore issues" (investment, competition, transparency in government procurement and trade facilitation), WTO rules (anti-dumping, subsidies, regional trade agreements) and trade and environment. Doha Development Agenda, European Union and WTO, Trade Issues, European Unions says that its primary objects in the WTO were multilateral trade rulemaking, market opening, the integration of developing countries in the world trade system and the improvement of the functioning of the WTO   it has believed that doing away with high tariffs, tariff peaks, and tariff escalation will significantly increase trade opportunities between North and South EU points out that market access negotiations on services would help in improving market opportunities for business as well as benefits to consumers worldwide. But it stood against general deregulation or privatization of sectors where principles of public interest are at stake. European Union's stand was that Doha Development Agenda succeed only if development opportunities of individual members, makes a tangible contribution to international efforts in favor of sustainable development and increases. We had seen large protests and processions consequent to every talk. There is a lot of lobbying for and against the trade negotiations inside and outside the international trade bodies. It is not economics, but its impact on domestic politics was the major cause for each and every co untry.The last one decade has seen a tremendous effort from the developing countries going for substantial efforts to make structural changes in their economies as part of reform agenda. Elimination of export subsidies, reductions in, and tighter criteria for, domestic "trade-distorting" subsidies in developed countries, reduction of tariff peaks and standardization and rationalization of food safety and processing requirements In this background there should have been some efforts from the developed world to genuinely address the concern of the developing world. Anyhow Doha meet was failed in reaching any concrete step before the next talk. In the year2003, Members again get together at Cancà ºn to forge concrete agreement on the Doha round objectives. The focus of Cancun negotiations was on agriculture, industrial goods, trade services and customer codes reforms. But again the developed world and developing world fight in the agriculture sector.Here also rich countries’ fa rm subsidies such as European Union's Common Agriculture Policies and US governments agro subsidies were the major roadblock.

Health And Safety In The Workplace

Health And Safety In The Workplace Human resources are one of the most important features of many businesses. A business success relies heavily on the effectiveness to which this resource is managed. Policies and practices used by the firm, set out the standards to which they seek to aspire. They are designed to govern the operation of the business; especially in todays economy where there is such a rise in service industries (Biz/ed, 2010). This topic is of importance to us because it has proven to be a neglected field in todays corporate world; especially in Grenada. In this regard, this paper seek to highlight the importance of Workplace Health and safety to the business, to develop an understanding of how its effective management can affect the performance of a business, outline how this can be effectively carried out with the interest of the company in mind. It is often said that, the health of a nation is the wealth of a nation (Fraser, 2004), the same concept applies to business. The health and safety of a companys human resource is an enormous contributor to the success of that business. Human resources account for a large proportion of many companys costs; it is the people that invariably drive a business (Biz/ed, 2010) According to the Bureau Veritas, Workplace Health and Safety refers to, the evaluation of risks relating to the health and safety of an organizations workers and others (including the public) who may be affected by its activities (Bureau Veritas, 2007). Who establish workplace health and safety? The health and safety of a workplace is established through different sources. Firstly, on a national level occupational health and safety is instituted in accordance with legal regulations that were created by legislative decisions and is enforced and monitored by agencies such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), for the U.S., and the Ministry of Labour in Grenada. OSHA, an agency of the U.S. Department of Labour, has the responsibility of assuring the safety and health of Americas workers by setting and enforcing standards; providing training, outreach and education; establishing partnerships; and encouraging (OSHA, n.d.). On a national and/or on a company level there are also instances of regular inspections by a safety representative. This can be self requested or legally mandated. This is done to ensure that companies follow the stipulated guidelines that are set to govern the safety and health of the workplace. Also, from a corporate standpoint, the health and safety standards of the company can be establish by the declaration of it in the Companys general worker manual and/or in the separate manual set aside for clearly laying out, the standards by which the company seek to keep its work environment and the people that use it safe and healthy. A more informal, but still an effective method is employee observation. This is simply employees reporting hazards that go unnoticed to the inspection representative and/or management. These options are in place to ensure accordance of a company to monitor and control the health and safety of the workplace, and to maintain it. In-adherence of regulations set by the above regulatory bodies can result in an employer being fined or sentenced to jail time (Cascio, 1998). Reasons for Maintaining Workplace Health and Safety There are reasons why a business should maintain a safe and healthy workplace. It purges the environment of possible risks to everyone that uses the facility. An organizations productivity is directly related to the health and safety of its workforce. Therefore, proper health and safety practices safeguard the productivity of its employees. When the workforce is unhealthy it affects productivity; quantity and quality. Proper practices maintain the health of the workers and it protects human rights; the human right to a safe and healthy environment and the human right to a safe and healthy workplace (PDHRE, n.d.) A major reason for maintaining health and safety in the workplace is that failure to do so cost too much. The consequences of not up keeping proper health and safety practices can range from having expensive monetary payouts, to death (users of the workplace). Other repercussions are Lower productivity levels sick or injured worker do not produce the same quality and quantity as do health workers. Poor quality products and services the direct relation between quality of workforce and quality of products or service they produce. High levels of complaints from customers lower quality of products or services delivered to customers would make them unhappy. Loss of customers and subsequently lower revenues if the quality of the production isnt addressed it can result in a loss in the customer base and later loss in revenues because of lower sales. Higher costs this increase in cost can come from different sources including: payment of insurance claims for damages, cost of substitution for sick or injured workers (training and wages), and benefits for sick or injured workers. Higher staff turnover as persons get sick or injured on the job they tend to leave. If the health and safety practices of the workplace are dreadful employees would not stay therefore higher turnover. Poor industrial relations poor health and safety practices would attract attention from unions who fight for the rights of employees. Thus, addressing safety and health issues in the workplace saves the employer money and adds value to the business (OSHA, n.d.). When workers remain safe and healthy, the direct cost-savings to businesses include: lower workers compensation insurance costs reduced medical expenditures smaller expenditures for return-to-work programs fewer faulty products lower costs for job accommodations for injured workers less money spent for overtime benefits Safety and health also result in substantial decreases in indirect cost (OSHA, n.d.). This is as a result of: increased productivity higher quality products increased morale better labour/management relations reduced turnover better use of human resources Employees and their families benefit from safety and health because (OSHA, n.d.): their incomes are protected; no financial shock because of illness or injury their family lives are not hampered by injury; no loss of income destabilization because of illness and injury they have less stress; because of a com Workplace health and safety extend way beyond the boundaries of the worksite. The families of workers and other users of the worksite can also be impacted by health and safety in the workplace (OSHA, n.d.). It is of a misconception that health and safety in the workplace only entails ensuring that there arent any hazards on the worksite however it should be noted that the hazard can be the employees themselves. Employees who are sick (communicable/non communicable), who have a drug or alcohol problem, who have psychological problems can also pose great threat to the health and safety of others in the workplace. Violent employees can also be classified as a hazard (Cascio, 1998). In this regard testing of the individual together with the worksite is necessary; drug and alcohol testing, psychological tests etc. Whose responsibility is it? The health and safety of a workplace should be part of the business HR strategy. It should be an initiative that is deeply rooted into the culture of a business. No one person should be responsible for it. Given this, all employees, supervisors and managers should undergo training in this area to suit their position. Managers especially should possess an attitude that support good health and safety practices because it is usually mirrored by employees; if the manager care about health and safety, the employees will do too (OSHA, n.d.). Both the employer and the employee are responsible for ensuring that the workplace is healthy and safe for all users. Employers are legally obligated to maintain and provide a working environment that is conducive for comfortable operations. They also have to provide safe systems of work and facilities that would sustain the welfare of its employees. They are also responsible for providing employees with any information, instruction, training and/or supervision that is needed to ensure that workers are safe during operations no matter the job. As a result of this responsibility to ensure employees are safe at work, an employer may institute regulations and policies that would call for the attention from and compliance of employees (Directgov, 2010). Employees are also expected to play a part in ensuring proper health and safety of the workplace. They are to make certain their own personal health and safety and that of other persons in the workplace; whether colleague, customer, supplier, etc. Importantly, workers are expected to adhere to the directions given by management to guarantee health and safety. If workers are to ignore these directives it creates a hazard in the workplace not only for themselves but also for others (Directgov, 2010). Effective management of the resource Each workplace is different and dynamic. Therefore the strategy used to effectively manage the human resource should also be different and dynamic. This strategy should include clear and concise plans for the addressing the types of accidents that and exposing the health and safety hazards that could occur at the worksite (OSHA, n.d.). An effective plan, as based upon the safety and health program management guidelines given by OSHA in January 1989 is the Four Point workplace Program. The Four Point Workplace Program as its name suggests, it is a program that contains four elements in approaching optimum effective health and safety standards. These elements Commitment and Employee Involvement The manager or management team leads the way, by setting policy, assigning and supporting responsibility, setting an example and involving employees. Worksite Analysis The worksite is continually analyzed to identify all existing and potential hazards. Hazard Prevention and Control Methods to prevent or control existing or potential hazards are put in place and maintained. Training for Employees, Supervisors and Managers Managers, supervisors and employees are trained to understand and deal with worksite hazards. Conclusion: The success of a business rests to a large degree on the quality of the workforce successful management of this crucial resource is critical (Biz/ed, 2010) The Employer has a responsibility to ensure that his/her employees are safe at work, and so may institute regulations and policies to ensure this. It is now the responsibility of the employee to make certain that they follow these rules. As an employee, one has rights and responsibilities for their own wellbeing and that of their colleagues and by extension the public (customers) (OSHA, n.d.). The key to the success of a safety and health plan is to see it as a part of the business operation and to see it reflected in the day-to-day operations.  As the implemented plan is incorporated into the business culture, health and safety consciousness will become engrained into the psyche of everyone. (OSHA, n.d.). Protecting people on the job is in everyones best interest our economy, our communities, our fellow workers and our families. Safety and health add value to businesses, workplaces and lives (OSHA, n.d.).

Long-term Cause Of The Russian :: essays research papers

In 1812 Czar Alexander the First had sworn an oath that Russia would never make peace as long as an enemy stood on Russian soil. Little did he know that not much more than a century later the enemy was those who were native to the Russian soil-the people. The Russian Revolution was an event that shaped the rest of the 20th century worldwide. The causes of the revolution go back many years before the actual revolution had even showed signs of breaking out. The causes included a weak government, indecisive leaders and, a very backwards way of life for the people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the mid to late 19th century Russian leaders came to understand that Russia was backwards in it’s ways and that it must strive to modernize itself before the country was left in shambles. Russians and their land could be described in one word, poor. The agrarian societies were weak because the land was only hospitable to trees and ice. The peasants were serfs, attached to the land and their master s. In 1853 war suddenly broke out in the Crimean Peninsula over Christian shrines in the Ottoman Empire. After their defeat in the Crimean War, Russia’s war leaders realized even more that they were behind the whole world in modernizing. In response Alexander II then took the reigns of the empire radically improving the country. Trans-continental railroads were built and then in 1861 the serfs were emancipated. The government then strengthened Russia’s industry by promoting industrialization with the construction of factories. But then as quickly as Alexander II’s reform reign started, it ended. In 1881 a group of terrorists assassinated Alexander causing a cessation of the reforms. Suddenly economic modernization resurfaced again in the 1890’s under the Finance Minister named Sergei Witte. Witte believed that even though Russia was a backwards country, modernization could still occur. Under his leadership Witte helped the 35,000 mile railway system come to a completion. Yet the Russian leaders were so impressed that this great change that could improve Russia in the next 20 years they were so blind to the poverty and overpopulation that continued making Russia digress further and further.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After a loss to the Japanese in the Russian-Japanese war, morale of the common folk was at an all time low. Illegal labor parties were forming and groups of dedicated individuals were begging for revolution. Groups such as the Nihilists, and the Anarchists started to form with the intent to start a revolution.

My favourites

Well when I go off to wonder I always Like to think about my favorite things. For Instance my favorite color Is green. I think what It would be like to have everything that color must get boring to after a while of always seeing that color right well my sister's room Is all pink and she still buys a lot of other oink stuff. My favorite kind of shoe is the high heel. I know what you might think at seeing me I am socio tall I should not want to be taller but I like how it makes me look. Long legs, great calves and awesome posture. My favorite animal is a frog.I love frogs I wish my mom would let me have a frog, but she says that they are gross. I don't really think that they are gross they are living creatures. I have a bunch of stuffed animals of them and they are also green. My favorite Disney princess is Princess Aurora. Most people think her name is Rose or know her better by Sleeping Beauty. I love her movie I practically know It by memory. They have made so many other versions o f that movie and they Just practically ruin It. I Like her because my mom says that my older sister Is Belle, I'm Aurora and my little sister Is Cinderella.My favorite place to be Is a little town In Mexico named Callow. It In the state of Causalities. I have spent most of my life there so I take that place to heart. I also spent all my teenage life there so I feel I grew up with the mentality of over there. My favorite body part it is my hair. Its curly a beautiful color and shiny. And I feel unique with it, since I am the only one in my house with curly hair. Daniel Rodriguez Princess Aurora she is my favorite Disney princess. My mom likes to say that my sisters look like the three mayor princesses (Sleeping Beauty, Cinderella and Belle).She says since I am not that blonde or that dark. That leaves me as Sleeping Beauty. Another reason that I am Like her is that I sleep a lot. When I think about sleeping beauty, I think that It Is about the love of parents. That no matter how much you try to protect your children anything can happen and will happen. I also feel that it means that life can get better when you find the perfect one, your prince Philip. Another interpretation is that when he wakes you up to what life is really about. Even though everything happened to Aurora when she was 16 and know I am 19 1 still feel that one day something like that might happen to me.Puff I wish Just something similar. I mean I am still single. Whenever I feel bad about my love life I see that movie and feel better it is like my safe little place. I'll admit that I have the stuffed dolls of all the Sleeping Beauty characters. And I sometimes think about my wedding, yes I think about my wedding, I hope my wedding dress Is Like hers In some ways of course. I don't know I Just really Like everything about her. The weird thing Is that my best friends are usually In the number three, Like the fairy god mothers. In conclusion I love that movie and princess.

Greater Athletic Training Yeilds Lower Pulse Rate After Stre essays

Greater Athletic Training Yeilds Lower Pulse Rate After Stre essays GREATER ATHLETIC TRAINING YEILDS LOWER PULSE RATE AFTER STRENUOUS ACTIVITY This experiment was performed to investigate the hypothesis: greater athletic training yields a lower pulse rate after strenuous activity. After performing Experiments 15.1 and 15.2 (Dickey 1995), our team decided to measure the increase in heart rate from resting to active between members of the same sex but with different athletic training experience. Our team was interested in investigated whether athletic training has an effect on pulse rate after strenuous activity. Athletic ability is subjective, therefore after evaluation, our team decided upon one common variable that could be measured in this type of experiment. The three subjects were asked to provide an average of miles ran during one week of cardiovascular training. To measure pulse rate, we used the standard method of holding the index and middle fingers to the carotid artery in the neck for 15 seconds. Multiplying this number by 4 gives the pulse rate per minute. Our prediction was that the higher the athletic training, the lower the resting pulse rate and pulse rate after strenuous activity. Before beginning the physical aspect of out experiment, we took the resting pulse rates of all three subjects as a basis for comparison after the subjects performed the cardiovascular exercise. The subjects were then asked the level of cardiovascular training in miles per week on average. Subject 1 reported having less than 1 mile of cardio training per week, while subject 2 reported 3 miles of cardio training per week, and followed by subject 3 having over 15 miles of cardio training per week. After recording all three subjects resting pulse rates, our team moved the subjects to a stairwell, where they preceded to walk the stairs at a moderate speed. The subjects walked the stairs for 4 minutes. At the end of 4 minutes, the subjects were asked to ...

The Influence of Homosexuality in the Media

The Influence of Homosexuality in the Media Free Online Research Papers The transition of our world is happening before our very eyes†¦ amongst the most talked about topics is the appointing and politics of President Barack Obama, the crashing economy and the issue of Ms. California and her views on homosexuality. Though the president and the economy have been unpredictable to some, homosexuality has always been a controversial subject. This alternative lifestyle does not fit into our social ideals, â€Å"the American Dream†. Established throughout the late forties and fifties, this â€Å"Dream† painted a very clear picture of what the pursuit of happiness in American society should be, stressing the importance of gender roles and the perfect family. Homosexuality was rarely heard of during this time and was considered shameful. Men, women, and children were told that â€Å"homosexuals are dangerous†. It was not long ago that homosexuality was considered a mental illness, and a sufficient reason to fire a federal employee from their job. It was not until 1975 that there was a public statement made that homosexuality was not a mental disorder. Since that time, this once taboo topic has become a familiar lifestyle and many activist groups have taken a stand for their cause that has captured the attention of the media. Spending an average of nine hours a day using some time of media, it is no surprise that through the support of the media; same-sex relationships have become more widely accepted. The effect that media influence has on society is not a new phenomenon; the media has been a concern of social influence since its beginning. It has the ability to dramatically shape the lives of viewer by setting a standard and relying on our perception of â€Å"what should be†. It is no longer uncommon to see a television or movie role being cast with a homosexual character. This common exposure to a once criminal act of sexual deviance has altered the minds of Americans and created acceptance by reducing the fear of the unknown. The grandfather of technological innovation, the media is responsible for social change, the standard of life and the decline of more traditional forms of direction, such as church, school, and family. Though all of these factors remain important, the media can be harmfully influential; many times the viewer does not even realize that they are being persuaded. The media is used as an instrument to influence people into certain beliefs and understandings, a funnel to social conformity, by the way of subtle hints and mild persuasion. In examining the possibilities of media influence, Jane Root wrote, â€Å"It has a role in defining what we think of as a natural, it helps to map out who we think we are†. This is what the media has done with homosexuality, they have made it seem natural, increasingly common and therefore acceptable. The effect that the media has on children has been a topic of debate for some time. A child’s mind can be so easily altered that with the vast media accessibility, children are likely to be learning more from television and internet than they are from school! This author believes this is the very reason why we are seeing a declaration of homosexuality at an earlier age than ever before. Youth are going to experiment with a variety of things, and now that same-sex relationships are not condemned and accepted as natural, this idea is more widely accepted amongst youth. The question then would be, what is it teaching them? Television is where children are finding their gender identity, learning about the common use of illegal drugs, seeing premarital sex, and being exposed to violent crimes. Children only know what they are taught, and through the media they are learning about sex, drugs, violence, and homosexuality at a far younger age than any other generation. In America everyone has the right to decide their sexual preference, and everyone deserves to be accepted despite their choice. Acceptance of the person does not require the condoning of their actions. Though my personal beliefs and Christian background leave little tolerance for the gay lifestyle I desire to see each person as an individual and have made a decision not to dismiss anyone based on only one fact of their life. Research Papers on The Influence of Homosexuality in the MediaEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraWhere Wild and West MeetMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesResearch Process Part OneStandardized TestingThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use

The importance of Theology for Counseling Essay

The importance of Theology for Counseling - Essay Example Other factors that may relate to therapists' use of theology interventions in counseling, such as their professional beliefs, attitudes, or values regarding religious and spiritual interventions; clinical training involving religious issues; or personal counseling experiences with a therapist who used religion and spirituality in counseling, have yet to be investigated. The purpose of the current paper is to examine the importance of theology in counseling. First, we review the research previously done in theology for counseling, further we present the importance of theology in counseling of depression. The most frequently identified factor associated with the use of theology in counseling has been therapists' personal religious attitudes or behaviors. Church attendance and personal religious behaviors, in particular, correlate with therapists' use of religious and spiritual interventions in counseling. For example, Shafranske and Malony (1990b) surveyed 409 clinical psychologists and found that greater involvement in organized religion correlated .27 with the use of religious and spiritual interventions. Jones et al. ... f four religious behaviors (i.e., personal prayer and Bible study, church attendance, participation in church activities, and financial contributions to church) correlated .41 with the use of religious and spiritual interventions in counseling. The use of theology in counseling has also been found to relate to therapists' religious attitudes. In two separate surveys of 409 and 47 clinical psychologists, Shafranske and Malony (1990a, 1990b) found that clinical psychologists who approached religion in terms of answering personal questions of meaning rather than religious affiliation were more likely to use religious and spiritual interventions in counseling and to consider themselves competent to use such interventions. In a similar vein, DiBlasio and his colleagues (DiBlasio, 1993; DiBlasio & Benda, 1991; DiBlasio & Proctor, 1993) found in several studies of social workers and marriage and family therapists that therapists who endorsed a greater degree of what they termed "religious openness" were more likely to use forgiveness as an intervention in counseling. Thus, previous research has found that both religious attitudes (particularly attitudes of openness and of gaining personal meaning from religion) and religious behaviors have correlated with the use of religious and spiritual interventions in counseling. Among religious behaviors, both church attendance and personal religious behaviors, such as personal prayer and personal Bible study, have been particularly relevant to the use of religious and spiritual interventions in counseling. Of relevance to our study is the fact that previous studies have typically examined religious attitudes or religious behaviors independently of each other rather than examining them concurrently. Worthington, Kurusu, McCullough,

Chemistry Research Paper - Vitamin B12 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chemistry - Vitamin B12 - Research Paper Example The cobalt ? position, which is the region below the corrin ring plane, may either be open or could be occupied by a side chain of a heterocyclic nitrogen or the solvent (Combs 55). Methyl, nitro, aqua, sulfato, sulfito, hydroxo, 5-deoxyadenosyl, Br-, CN- or a Cl- group may occupy the cobalt ? position, which is the region above the corrin ring plane (Combs 55). The molecule is an octahedral complex, which apart from the corrin ring, also contains a nucleotide along with another cobalt bound group. The corrin ring is formed of four pyrrole rings, three of which are linked with methylene bridges and one with a direct bond. The cobalt atom (Co3+) at the center of the corrin ring is triply ionized and is bound to the nitrogen atoms of the four pyrrole rings (Combs 56). Chemistry Removal of the central cobalt atom of the molecule results in loss of biological activity. Like all corrinoids, vitamin B12 is a crystalline substance with absorption spectra above 300 nm due to ?-? transitions in the corrin ring (Combs 56). It is yellow, red or red-orange in color, is soluble in water, fairly heat stable, and decomposes above 210Â °C (Combs 57). ... Functions and Mechanism Vitamin B12 has a key role in the metabolism of folate in the human body (Insel et al. 452). It transfers a methyl group from the folate coenzyme Tetrahydrofolic acid (THFA) converting THFA to its methylene form. In absence of the vitamin, THFA cannot transform into its methylene form, which is its active form that is involved in many metabolic pathways (Insel et al. 452). As THFA is involved in folate metabolism, deficiency of vitamin B12 results in the deficiency of folate because of absence of active form of THFA. Therefore, vitamin B12 deficiency amounts to folate deficiency, which in turn leads to megaloblastic anemia. Several enzymes that convert homocysteine to methionine are also dependant on vitamin B12 and THFA. Conversion of homocysteine to methionine reduces the levels of homocysteine in the blood, thereby lowering the risk of heart diseases. This mechanism is affected in case of vitamin B12 deficiency (Insel et al. 453). Vitamin B12 also functions in the maintenance of the myelin sheath, which is a protective coat surrounding nerve fibres (Insel et al. 453). Moreover, some fatty acid chains require rearrangement of their carbon atoms in order to enter the citric acid cycle. This function is also performed by vitamin B12 (Insel et al. 453). Vitamin B12 is stored in the liver and can last for about 2 years, while the symptoms of its deficiency may not be apparent for up to almost 12 years (Insel et al. 454). Anemia is the major outcome of vitamin B12 deficiency. In absence of vitamin B12 and in turn, folate, megaloblasts are formed instead of red blood cells, leading to megaloblastic anemia. Vitamin B12 deficiency also results in cognitive defects by causing